The suffering caused by occupation had to be compensated for by punishing those who profited from the situation.

The political leadership had to be purged of treacherous elements. Law and order had to be restored in the aftermath of arbitrary Nazi rule.

For all its actors, retribution was the sine qua non condition to rebuild the country on a sound basis. In spite of national specificities, 3 common features can be identified everywhere. Never before did contemporary Europe see a political purge reach such a scale. 2 The new powers organized large-scale systems of prosecution and administrative purges. Popular anger - usually orchestrated by local fighters - was even staged or expressed in archaic rituals of public humiliation of yesterdayвЂ™s tormentors. 1 In Belgium, France, the Czech provinces, Greece, the number of spontaneous beatings or murders of alleged collaborators mounted into the thousands (France). The urge to administer the right punishment, and often, revenge, could be felt at the higher levels of political direction, as well as amidst the greatest part of the population, which experienced the harshness of Nazi occupation. 3 Such as the choice of the governments at the eve of the invasion, the nature of the occupying force (.)ДЎThroughout the European countries occupied by Axis troops during World WarII, the liberation by Allied troops - supported by internal resistance - generated a deep determination to sanction collaborators.2 See Luc Capdevila, Les Bretons au lendemain de lвЂ™OccupationВ : imaginaire et comportement dвЂ™une sort (.).1 For France, see Association franГ§aise pour lвЂ™histoire de la justice, La justice de lвЂ™Г©puration Г la (.).

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